Test 2

Writing

Picture 1: 大片森林(1900)  Picture 2 森林稀少(1980)

1)      Describe pictures and reasons

2)      Analyze the effects it created

3)      Suggest the measures to solve the problem

Translation

One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. 1)Physics and biology once followed similar practices and advanced only when they discarded them. 2)The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find. The environment is obviously important, but its role has remained obscure. 3)The role of the natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in sharing and maintaining the behavior is only beginning to be recognized and studied. 4)As the interaction between organism and environment has come to be understood, effects assigned to states of mind, feelings and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions, and a technology of behavior may therefore become available. It will not solve our problems, however, until it replaces traditional views, and these are strongly entrenched. Freedom and dignity illustrate the difficulty. It also raises questions concerning “values.” Who will use a technology and to what ends? 5)Until the issues involved are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Test 3

Writing

One picture: 座在电脑前聊天，脑子想着和对方意中人相会

a)   Write out the message conveyed by the picture

b)   Give your comments on Romance through Internet.

Translation

(1)                      

1)It hardly needs to be pointed out that a prime requirement for science fiction, if it is to fulfill the function just formulated, is that it be entertaining.This is by no means synonymous with jollity or with having a happy ending, for tragedy is often more deeply strengthening than victory. 2)But the story should be one that absorbs and convinces us and at the same time affords us relief from our daily doings by taking us via the narrative, not the didactic, route satisfactorily beyond our accustomed horizons. Properly to meet this combination of conditions is a job that demands an extremely high order of abilities. 3) These must include not only a working understanding of the major principles and possibilities of present-day natural science and technology, in the diverse lines relevant to the theme dealt with, but also a rounded insight into human relations and feelings, a fertile but well-controlled imagination, and the exacting skills of a writer.

（2）

  4）Hand in hand with the recent spectacular advances in radio technology, there has been a dramatic increase in the scientific and public respectability of the entire subject of extraterrestrial life. A clear sign of the new attitude is the Viking missions to Mars, which are to a significant extent dedicated to the search for life on another planet. But along with the burgeoning dedication to a serious search, a slightly negative note has emerged which is nevertheless very interesting. A few scientists have lately asked a curious question: if extraterrestrial intelligence is abundant, why have we not already seen its manifestations? Think of the advances by our own technological civilization in the past ten thousand years and imagine such advances continued over millions or billions of years more. 5）If only a tiny fraction of advanced civilizations are millions or billions of years more advanced then ours, why have they not produced artifacts, devices or even industrial pollution of such magnitude that we would have detected it?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Test 4

图意：深夜，红灯，你骑自行车停着，等着红灯翻绿灯。

1）  describe the picture

2）  interpret its meaning and

3）  give more example to support

The enormous amount of this dust is well shown by the fact that then  only we can look full at the sun, even when the whole sky is free from clouds and there is no apparent mist. 1）But owing to the constant presence of air currents, arranging both the dust and vapor in strata of varying extent and density, and of high or low clouds which both absorb and reflect the light in varying degree, 2）we see produced all those wondrous combinations of tints and those gorgeous ever-changing colors which are a constant source of admiration and delight to all 3）who have the advantage of an uninterrupted view to the west and who are accustomed to watch for those not infrequent exhibitions of nature’s kaleidoscopic color painting. With every change in the altitude of the sun the display changes its character; and most of all when it has sunk below the horizon, and owing to the more favorable angle a larger quantity of the colored light is reflected toward us. Especially when there is a certain amount of cloud this is the case. 4）These , as long as the sun was above the horizon, intercepted much of the light and color; but when the great luminary has passed away from our direct vision, its light  shines more directly on the under sides of all the clouds and air strata of different densities; a new and more brilliant light flushes the western sky, 5）and a display of gorgeous ever-changing tints occurs which are at once the delight of the beholder and the despair of the artist. And all this unsurpassable glory we owe to ---- dust.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

两张图，一张是在教室里进行的画画课，教师在黑板上画猫，孩子在下面依样画葫芦。另一张是在草地上看着几个猫在画，结果画的个个不同。 

1)      describe the two pictures

2)      compare two ways of teaching

3)      suggestion

(1)

   Within a very short time of coming back into power the present government had taken steps to stabilize the position.1） First of all, we applied ourselves to identifying the root causes of our national ailments, examining contemporary evidence and refusing to be slaves to outmoded doctrinaire beliefs. Secondly we embarked on a reasoned policy to ensure steady economic growth, the modernization of industry, and a proper balance between public and private expenditure. 2）Thirdly by refusing to take refuge----as the previous Government had continually done in the preceding years----in panic-stricken stop-gap measures, we stimulated the return of international confidence. As a result of those immediate measures, and aided by the tremendous effort which they evoked from the British people who responded as so often before to a firm hand at the helm, we weathered the storm and moved on into calmer waters and a period of economic expansion and social reorganization.                                    

(2)

The Second World War in some ways gave birth to less novelty and genius than the  First. 3) It was, of course, a greater cataclysm, fought over a wider area, and altered the social and political structure of the world at least as radically as its predecessor, perhaps more so. But the break in continuity in 1914 was far more violent. 4)The year 1914 looks to us now, and looked even in the 1920s, as the end of a long period of largely peaceful development, broken suddenly and catastrophically. 5) In Europe, at least, the years before 1914 were viewed with understandable nostalgia by those who after them knew no real peace. The period between the wars marks a decline in the development of human culture if it is compared with that sustained and fruitful period which makes the nineteenth century seem a unique human achievement, so powerful that it persisted, even during the war which broke it, to a degree which seems astonishing to us now.